My study notes from the video training.

Introduction to Reactive Programming

ref
  https://egghead.io/courses/introduction-to-reactive-programming
  https://gist.github.com/staltz/868e7e9bc2a7b8c1f754
  http://jsfiddle.net/staltz/8jFJH/48/
01
  what is it?
    programming with event streams
      sequence of events happening over time (async)
      when an event happens, we react to it
    another sequence: array 
      sequence in space
  ex
    var source = Rx.Observable.interval(400).take(9)
      .map(i => ['1', '2' ..][i])
    var result = source
    result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
  ex: sum all numbers
    var result = source
      .map(x => parseInt(x))
      .filter(x => !isNaN(x))
      .reduce((x,y) => x + y)
02
  ex: double clicks of a button
    var button = document.querySelector('.button')
    var label = document.querySelector('h4')
  what if no rxjs?
    var counter = 0
    button.addEventListener()
    setTimeout(..)
  ex: rx approach
    var click_ = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(button, 'click')
    var doubleClick_ = click_
      .buffer(() => click_.throttle(250))
      .map(arr => arr.length)
      .filter(len => len === 2)
    doubleClick_.subscribe(e => {
      label.textContent = 'double click'
    })
    doubleClick_
      .throttle(1000)
      .subscribe(suggestion => {
        label.textContent = '-'
      })
03 why use rxjs
  it allows you 
    to specify dynamic behavior of a value
    completely at the time of declaration
  ex
    var a = 3
    var b = 10 * a
    console.log(b) // 30
    a = 4
    console.log(b) // still 30
    b = 11 * a
    console.log(b) // 44
  b is not constant
    var b declaration doesn't specify dynamic behavior
    b is always 10 * a
    when a changes, b should change too
  ex
    var a_ = Rx.Observable.of(3) 
    var b_ = a_.map(a => 10 * a)
    b_.subscribe(b => console.log(b))
  now change a:
    how?
      a_.set(4)
    this is wrong
      a is dynamic as well
      we should specify it at declaration of a
  ex
    var a_ = Rx.Observable.of(3, 4) 
    var b_ = a_.map(a => 10 * a)
    b_.subscribe(b => console.log(b)) // 30 40
04: github follow box
  ex
    var req_ = Rx.Observable.just('https://api.github.com/users')
  opt1: use jquery getJSON promise
    req_.subscribe(url => {
      jQuery.getJSON(url)
        .done(res => {
          console.log(res)
  opt2: use stream
    req_.subscribe(url => {
      var res_ = Rx.Observable.fromPromise(
        jQuery.getJSON(url))
      res_.subscribe(res => {
        console.log(res)
      })
    })
  observable does what promise does
    promise is simplified version of observable
  what if mapping request to response
  ex: map to observable
    var res_ = req_
      .map(url =>
        Rx.Observable.fromPromise(jQuery.getJSON(url))
      )
  we are mapping stream to something that happens later in time
    Observable of Observable
  ex: use flatMap instead
    var res_ = req_
      .flatMap(url =>
        Rx.Observable.fromPromise(jQuery.getJSON(url))
      )
  ex: output effect
    res_.subscribe( res => {
      console.log(res)
    })
05
  render that data on the dom
  html
    div .container
      ul .suggestions
        li .suggestion1
          img
          a href .username 
            text
  we have res_
    array of users
    we need 3 of them
  ex
    var suggestion1_ = res_.map(listUser =>
      listUser[Math.floor(Math.random().listUser.length)]
    )
    var suggestion2_ = res_.map(listUser =>
      listUser[Math.floor(Math.random().listUser.length)]
    )
  ex: put this into a function
    function createSuggestion_(res_) {
      return res_.map(listUser =>
        listUser[Math.floor(Math.random().listUser.length)]
      )
    }
    var suggestion1_ = createSuggestion_(res_)
    var suggestion2_ = createSuggestion_(res_)
    var suggestion3_ = createSuggestion_(res_)
    function renderSuggestion(userData, selector) {
      var element = document.querySelector(selector)
      var usernameEl = element.querySelector('.username')
      usernameEl.href = userData.html_url
      usernameEl.textContent = userData.login
      var imgEl = element.querySelector('img')
      imgEl.src = userData.avatar_url
    }
    suggestion1_.subscribe(user => {
      renderSuggestion(user, '.suggestion1')
    })
    suggestion2_.subscribe(user => {
      renderSuggestion(user, '.suggestion1')
    })
    suggestion3_.subscribe(user => {
      renderSuggestion(user, '.suggestion1')
    })
06: refresh button, get more users
  ex
    var refreshButton = document.querySelector('.refresh')
    refreshClick_ = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(refreshButton, 'click')
  each click is an api request
  ex
    var req_ = refreshClick_
      .map(ev => {
        var randomOffset = Math.floor(Math.random()*500);
        return 'https://api.github.com/users?since=';
      })
  but if i don't click refresh then, i will never get anything at all
  ex: start request
    var startupReq_ = Rx.Observable.just('https://api.github.com/users')
    var res_ = req_
      .merge(startupReq_)
      .flatMap(..)
  rxmarble
    ---a---b-->
    s--------->
    merge
    s--a--b--->
07: bug: after refresh it doesn't clear immediately
  start with null
    prepend null
  ex
    function createSuggestion_(res_) {
      return res_.map(listUser =>
        listUser[Math.floor(Math.random().listUser.length)]
      ).startWith(null)
  but at each refresh, we should set null again
  ex
    function createSuggestion_(res_) {
      return res_.map(listUser =>
        listUser[Math.floor(Math.random().listUser.length)]
      )
      .startWith(null)
      .merge(refreshClick_.map(ev => null))
  rxmarble
    ----u--------u->
      startWith(N)
    N---u--------u->
    ---------N----->
      merge
    N---u----N---u->
08: 3 different request
  how to make it one request?
    var suggestion1_ = createSuggestion_(res_)
    var suggestion2_ = createSuggestion_(res_)
    var suggestion3_ = createSuggestion_(res_)
  ex: shareReplay
    var res_ = req_
      .merge(startupReq_)
      .flatMap(..)
      .shareReplay(1)
  böylece yeni request yapmayacak, mevcudu tekrar kullanacak
09: replace user
  ex
    var closeButton1 = document.querySelector('.close1')
    var close1Clicks = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(closeButton1, 'click')
  marble
    refreshClick_  -----f--------->
    req_           r----r--------->
    res_           --R-----R------>
    suggestion1_   N-u--N--u------>
  closing nasıl dahil olacak?
    refreshClick_  -----f--------->
    req_           r----r--------->
    res_           --R-----R------>
    closeClick_    -----------x--->
    suggestion1_   N-u--N--u--u--->
  ex
    function createSuggestion_(res_, closeClick_) {
      return res_.map(getRandomUser )
      .startWith(null)
      .merge(refreshClick_.map(ev => null))
      .merge(
        closeClick_.withLatestFrom(res_, 
          (x,listUsers) => getRandomUser(listUsers)
      )
10: overview
marble
  refreshClickStream
    refreshButton
  requestStream
    refreshClickStream
  responseStream
    requestStream
  closeClickStream
    closeButton1
  createSuggestionStream
    closeClickStream
    responseStream
    refreshClickStream
code
  var refreshButton = document.querySelector('.refresh');
  var closeButton1 = document.querySelector('.close1');
  var closeButton2 = document.querySelector('.close2');
  var closeButton3 = document.querySelector('.close3');
  var refreshClickStream = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(refreshButton, 'click');
  var close1ClickStream = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(closeButton1, 'click');
  var close2ClickStream = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(closeButton2, 'click');
  var close3ClickStream = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(closeButton3, 'click');
  var requestStream = refreshClickStream.startWith('startup click')
      .map(function() {
          var randomOffset = Math.floor(Math.random()*500);
          return 'https://api.github.com/users?since=' + randomOffset;
      });
  var responseStream = requestStream
      .flatMap(function (requestUrl) {
          return Rx.Observable.fromPromise($.getJSON(requestUrl));
      });
  function createSuggestionStream(closeClickStream) {
      return closeClickStream.startWith('startup click')
          .combineLatest(responseStream,             
              function(click, listUsers) {
                  return listUsers[Math.floor(Math.random()*listUsers.length)];
              }
          )
          .merge(
              refreshClickStream.map(function(){ 
                  return null;
              })
          )
          .startWith(null);
  }
  var suggestion1Stream = createSuggestionStream(close1ClickStream);
  var suggestion2Stream = createSuggestionStream(close2ClickStream);
  var suggestion3Stream = createSuggestionStream(close3ClickStream);
  // Rendering ---------------------------------------------------
  function renderSuggestion(suggestedUser, selector) {
      var suggestionEl = document.querySelector(selector);
      if (suggestedUser === null) {
          suggestionEl.style.visibility = 'hidden';
      } else {
          suggestionEl.style.visibility = 'visible';
          var usernameEl = suggestionEl.querySelector('.username');
          usernameEl.href = suggestedUser.html_url;
          usernameEl.textContent = suggestedUser.login;
          var imgEl = suggestionEl.querySelector('img');
          imgEl.src = "";
          imgEl.src = suggestedUser.avatar_url;
      }
  }
  suggestion1Stream.subscribe(function (suggestedUser) {
      renderSuggestion(suggestedUser, '.suggestion1');
  });
  suggestion2Stream.subscribe(function (suggestedUser) {
      renderSuggestion(suggestedUser, '.suggestion2');
  });
  suggestion3Stream.subscribe(function (suggestedUser) {
      renderSuggestion(suggestedUser, '.suggestion3');
  });

Cycle.js Fundamentals

https://egghead.io/courses/cycle-js-fundamentals
01
  ex
    Rx.Observable.timer(0, 1000) // 0--1--2--3
      .map(i => `seconds elapsed ${i}`)
      .subscribe(text => {
        const container = document. querySelector('#app')
        container.textContent = text
      })
  principle:
    separate logic from effects
  logic above: (functional)
    timer(..)
      .map()
  effect: (imperative)
    subscribe(..)
  goal: 
    put subscribe away 
    programmer writes logic
02
  ex
    function main() {
      return Rx.Observable.timer(0, 1000) // 0--1--2--3
        .map(i => `seconds elapsed ${i}`)
    }
    function DOMEffect(text$) {
      text$.subscribe(text => {
        const container = document. querySelector('#app')
        container.textContent = text
      })
    }
    DOMEffect(main())
  ex: let's put log effect too
    function consoleLogEffect(msg$) {
      msg$.subscribe(msg => console.log(msg))
    }
  how to use it?
    const sink = main()
    DOMEffect(sink)
    consoleLogEffect(sink)
03: different sinks for different effects
  ex
    function main() {
      return {
        DOM: Rx.Observable.timer(0, 1000) // 0--1--2--3
          .map(i => `seconds elapsed ${i}`)
        Log: Rx.Observable.timer(0, 2000).map(i=> 2 * i)
      }
    }
    const sinks = main()
    DOMEffect(sinks.DOM)
    consoleLogEffect(sinks.Log)
  this is how we start to control
    which sink goes into which effect
04: run and driver
  we have logic: main()
  we have effects: DOMEffect, consoleLogEffect
  what about this part:
    const sinks = main()
    DOMEffect(sinks.DOM)
    consoleLogEffect(sinks.Log)
  this ties logic with effects
    put it into run()
  ex
    function run(mainFn) {
      const sinks = mainFn()
      DOMEffect(sinks.DOM)
      consoleLogEffect(sinks.Log)
    }
    run(main)
  now: i don't want to run some effects anymore
    we have hardcoded effects into run
    i want to pass effects to run
  ex
    function run(mainFn, effects) {
      const sinks = mainFn()
      Object.keys(effects).forEach(key => {
        effects[key](sinks[key])
      })
    }
    const effectsFn = {
      DOM: DOMEffect,
      Log: consoleLogEffect
    }
    run(main, effectsFn)
  now: rename effectsFn to drivers
    driver: interface between software and hardware
      think: hardware are effects, software is logic
  ex
    const drivers = { 
      DOM: DOMDriver,
      Log: consoleLogDriver
    }
05: read effects
  we have main() and drivers
    drivers responsible of output effects
    what about input/read effects?
      main() needs to take them in
      drivers() don't return anything
  drivers need to return something
    in order to make read effects
  code
    function DOMDriver(text$) {
      text$.subscribe(text => {
        const container = document. querySelector('#app')
        container.textContent = text
      })
      .. make DOMSource
      return DOMSource;
    }
    function main(DOMSource) {
      return {
        DOM: Rx.Observable.timer(0, 1000) // 0--1--2--3
          .map(i => `seconds elapsed ${i}`)
        Log: Rx.Observable.timer(0, 2000).map(i=> 2 * i)
      }
    }
  where does sink/source come from?
    data flow network terminology
    source = input = read effects
    sink = output = write effects
  create read effects in DOM
    function DOMDriver(text$) {
      text$.subscribe(text => {
        const container = document. querySelector('#app')
        container.textContent = text
      })
      const DOMSource = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(document, 'click')
      return DOMSource;
    }
  how to give it to main()?
    function run(mainFn, drivers) {
      const sinks = mainFn(DOMSource)
      const DOMSource = drivers.DOM(sinks.DOM)
    problem:
      a = f(b)
      b = g(a)
    solution
      bProxy = ...
      a = f(bProxy)
      b = g(a)
      bProxy.imitate(b)
    code
      function run(mainFn, drivers) {
        const proxyDOMSource = new Rx.Subject()
        const sinks = mainFn(proxyDOMSource)
        const DOMSource = drivers.DOM(sinks.DOM)
        DOMSource.subscribe(click => proxyDOMSource.onNext(click))
06: generalizing run
  this main function only takes DOM input
    we need to receive all types of sources
  code
    function main(sources) {
      const click$ = sources.DOM
      const sinks = {
        DOM: click$
          .startWith(null)
          .flatMapLatest(() =>
            Rx.Observable.timer(0, 1000) // 0--1--2--3
              .map(i => `seconds elapsed ${i}`)
            ),
        Log: Rx.Observable.timer(0, 2000).map(i => 2 * i),
      }
      return sinks
    }
    function run(mainFn, drivers) {
      const proxySources = {}
      Object.keys(drivers).forEach(key => {
        proxySources[key] = new Rx.Subject()
      })
      const sinks = mainFn(proxySources)
      Object.keys(drivers).forEach(key => {
        const source = drivers[key](sinks[key])
        source.subscribe(x => proxySources[key]).onNext(x)
      })
    }
  cyclejs makes run() a library api
    Cycle.run(main, drivers)
07
  main:
    .map(i => `seconds elapsed ${i}`)
    -->
    .map(i => {
      return {
        tagName: 'H1',
        children: [
          `seconds elapsed ${i}`
        ]
      }
    })
  DOMDriver:
    function DOMDriver(text$) {
      text$.subscribe(text => {
        const container = document. querySelector('#app')
        container.textContent = text
      })
    -->
    function DOMDriver(obj$) {
      function createElement(obj) {
        const element = document.createElement(obj.tagName)
        element.innerHTML = obj.children[0]
      }
      obj$.subscribe(obj => {
        const container = document. querySelector('#app')
        container.innerHTML = ''
        const element = createElement(obj)
        container.appendChild(element)
      })
  what if the DOM output is a composite object?
    main
      .map(i => {
        return {
          tagName: 'H1',
          children: [
            `seconds elapsed ${i}`
          ]
        }
      })
      -->
      .map(i => {
        return {
          tagName: 'H1',
          children: [
            {
              tagName: 'SPAN',
              children: [
                `seconds elapsed ${i}`
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      })
    DOMDriver
      function createElement(obj) {
        const element = document.createElement(obj.tagName)
        element.innerHTML = obj.children[0]
      }
      -->
      function createElement(obj) {
        const element = document.createElement(obj.tagName)
        obj.children
          .filter(c => typeof c === 'object')
          .map(createElement)
          .forEach(c => element.appendChild(c))
        obj.children
          .filter(c => typeof c === 'string')
          .forEach(c => element.innerHTML += c)
        return element
      }
08
  what if you want to restart everytime you hover instead of click
    current:
      const click$ = sources.DOM
    we look for
      const click$ = sources.DOM.selectEvents('span', 'mouseover')
    we should move this logic out of DOMDriver
      const DOMSource = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(document, 'click')
      -->
      const DOMSource = {
        selectEvents: function(tagName, eventType) {
          return Rx.Observable.fromEvent(document, eventType).
            filter(ev => ev.target.tagName === tagName.toUppercase())
        }
      }
    main
      const click$ = sources.DOM
      -->
      const mouseover$ = sources.DOM.selectEvents('span', 'mouseover')
      const sinks = {
        DOM: mouseover$
          ...
09: hyperscript
  function h(tagName, children) {
    tagName: tagName,
    children: children,
  }
  main:
    return {
      tagName: 'H1',
      children: [
        {
          tagName: 'SPAN',
          children: [
            `seconds elapsed ${i}`
    -->
    .map(i =>
      h('H1', [
        h('SPAN', [
          `seconds elapsed ${i}`
        ])
      ])
  make specific h functions
    function h1(children) {
      return { 
        tagname: 'H1', 
        children: children,
      }
    h1([
      span([
        `seconds elapsed ${i}`
10: toy dom driver to real
  problem1: #app is hardcoded currently
    make it parametric
    code
      const container = document. querySelector('#app')
      -->
      function makeDOMDriver(mountSelector) {
        return function DOMDriver(..) {
          ..
          const container = document. querySelector(mountSelector)
    using
      DOM: makeDOMDriver('#app')
  problem2: 
    we clear container.innerHTML everytime we get new obj event
    bad for performance
    code
      obj$.subscribe(obj => {
        const container = document. querySelector('#app')
        container.innerHTML = ''
  problem3:
    selectEvents is very constrained
      selectEvents: function(tagName, eventType) {
        return Rx.Observable.fromEvent(document, eventType).
    make it more generic
  solution
    cycle-dom.js
    const {h, h1, span, makeDOMDriver} = CycleDOM; 
    # delete makeDOMDriver
    use select
      const mouseover$ = sources.DOM.selectEvents('span', 'mouseover')
      -->
      const mouseover$ = sources.DOM.select('span').events('mouseover')
    # uses virtual dom: h1, span
  features
    h1({style: {background:'red'}}, [..])
11
  write effects: sinks in main
  read effects: sources in main
  ex: hello world text input element
  code - basic
    const {label, input, h1, hr, div, makeDOMDriver } = CycleDOM
    function main(sources) {
      const inputEv$ = sources.DOM.select('.field').events('input')
      const name$ = inputEv$.map( ev => ev.target.value).startWith('')
      return { 
        DOM: name$.map( name =>
          div([
            label('Name:'),
            input('.field', {type: 'text'}),
            hr(),
            h1(`Hello ${name}`)
          ])
        )
      }
    }
    const drivers = {
      DOM: makeDOMDriver('#app'), 
    }
    Cycle.run(main, drivers)
12: interactive counter
  code
    const {button, p, label, div, makeDOMDriver} = CycleDOM
    function main(sources) { 
      const decrementClick$ = sources.DOM.select('.decrement').events('click')
      const incrementClick$ = sources.DOM.select('.increment').events('click')
      const decrementAction$ = decrementClick$.map(ev => -1)
      const incrementAction$ = incrementClick$.map(ev => +1)
      const number$ = Rx.Observable.of(10)
        .merge(decrementAction$)
        .merge(incrementAction$)
        .scan( (prev, curr) => prev + curr)
      return {
        DOM:  number$( number =>
          div([
            button('#decrement', 'Decrement'),
            button('.increment', 'Increment'),
            p([
              label(String(number))
            ])
          ])
        )
      }
    }
  opt1: merging naively
    const number$ = Rx.Observable.of(10)
      .merge(decrementAction$)
      .merge(incrementAction$)
    marble
      10--------------
      ----(-1)--(-1)--
      10--(-1)--(-1)--
    goal
      10--(-1)--(-1)--
      -->
      10--9--8--
  this is how you keep state
13: using http driver to make http request
  code
    const {makeHTTPDriver} = CycleHTTPDriver
    const drivers = {
      DOM: ..
      HTTP: makeHTTPDriver(),
  ex: use jsonplaceholder api
  we know
    read effects = source
    write effects = sinks
  code
    // DOM read effect: button clicked
    // http write effect: request sent
    // http read effect: response received
    // DOM write effect: data displayed
    function main(sources) { 
      const clickEvent$ = sources.DOM.select('.get-first').events('click')
      const request$ = clickEvent$.map(() => {
        return {
          url: 'http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users/1',
          method: 'GET',
        }
      })
      const response$$ = sources.HTTP
        .filter(response$ => response$.request.url === 'http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users/1')
      const response$ = response$$.switch() // flattens
      const firstUser$ = response$.map(response => response.body)
        .startWith(null)
      return {
        DOM: firstUser$.map(
          div([
            button('.get-first', 'Get first user'),
            firstUser === null ? null : div('.user-details', [
              h1('.user-name', 'firstUser.name'),
              h4('.user-email', 'firstUser.emaail'),
              a('.user-website', {href: 'firstUser.website'}, 'firstUser.website')
            ])
          ])
        HTTP: request$,
      }
  why const response$$ = sources.HTTP
    stream that emits response streams
    marble
      r: request
      -------r--------------r------
             \____a_         \___b
      each branch is a response stream
14: bmi calculator
  code
    // DOM read effect: detect slider change
    // recalculate BMI
    // DOM write effect: display BMI
    function main(sources) {
      const changeWeight$ = sources.DOM.select('.weight').events('input')
        .map(ev => ev.target.value)
      const changeHeight$ = sources.DOM.select('.height').events('input')
        .map(ev => ev.target.value)
      const state$ = Rx.Observable.combineLatest(
        changeWeight$.startWith(70),
        changeHeight$.startWith(170),
        (weight, height) => {
          const heightMeters = height * 0.01;
          const bmi = Math.round(weight / heightMeters * heightMeters));
          return {bmi, weight, height};
        }
      return {
        DOM: state$.map( state =>
          div([
            div([
              label('Weight: ' + state.weight + ' kg'),
              input('.weight', {type: 'range', min: 40, max: 150, value: 70})
            ]),
            div([
              label('Height: ' + state.height + 'cm'),
              input('.height', {type: 'range', min: 140, max: 220, value: 170})
            ]),
            h2('BMI is ' + state.bmi)
15: mvi pattern
  main function grows
    3 parts:
      read effects
      logic
      write effects
    code
      function part1(DOMSource) {
        const changeWeight$ = DOMSource.select('.weight').events('input')
          .map(ev => ev.target.value)
        const changeHeight$ = DOMSource.select('.height').events('input')
          .map(ev => ev.target.value)
      }
      function part2(changeWeight$, changeHeight$) {
        const state$ = Rx.Observable.combineLatest(
          changeWeight$.startWith(70),
          changeHeight$.startWith(170),
          (weight, height) => {
            const heightMeters = height * 0.01;
            const bmi = Math.round(weight / heightMeters * heightMeters));
            return {bmi, weight, height};
          }
      }
      function part3(state$) {
        return {
          DOM: state$.map( state =>
            div([
              div([
                label('Weight: ' + state.weight + ' kg'),
                input('.weight', {type: 'range', min: 40, max: 150, value: 70})
              ]),
              div([
                label('Height: ' + state.height + 'cm'),
                input('.height', {type: 'range', min: 140, max: 220, value: 170})
              ]),
              h2('BMI is ' + state.bmi)
        }
      }
      function main(sources) {
        const {changeWeight$, changeHeight$} = part1(sources.DOM) const state$ = part2(changeWeight$, changeHeight$)
        const vtree$ = part3(state$)
        return {
          DOM: vtree$
        }
    rename
      part3: view
      part2: model
      part1: intent
    code
      function main(sources) {
        const {changeWeight$, changeHeight$} = intent(sources.DOM) 
        const state$ = model(changeWeight$, changeHeight$)
        const vtree$ = view(state$)
        return {
          DOM: vtree$
        }
16: component
  repeated code:
    const changeWeight$ = DOMSource.select('.weight').events('input')
      .map(ev => ev.target.value)
    const changeHeight$ = DOMSource.select('.height').events('input')
      .map(ev => ev.target.value)
  code 
    function main(sources) {
      const change$ = sources.DOM.select('.slider').events('input')
        .map(ev => ev.target.value)
      const value$ = change$.startWith(70)
      return {
        DOM: value$.map(value =>
          div('.labeled-slider', [
            label('.label', 'Weight: ' + value +kg'),
            input('.slider', {type: 'range', min: 40, max: 150, value})
          ])
        )
      }
      -->
      function intent(DOMSource) {
        return DOMSource.select('.slider').events('input')
          .map(ev => ev.target.value)
      }
      function model(change$, props$) {
        const initialValue$ = props$.map(props => props.init).first()
        const value$ = initialValue$.concat(change$)
        return Rx.Observable.combineLatest(value$, props$, (value, props) => {
          return {
            label: props.label,
            unit: props.unit,
            min: props.min,
            max: props.max,
            value: value,
          }
        }
      }
      function view(state$) {
        return state$.map(state =>
          div('.labeled-slider', [
            label('.label', `${state.label}: ${state.value${state.unit}`'Weight: ' + value +kg'),
            input('.slider', {type: 'range', min: state.min, max: state.max, value})
          ])
        )
      }
      function LabeledSlider(sources) {
        const change$ = intent(sources.DOM)
        const value$ = model(change$, sources.props)
        const vtree$ = view(value$)
        return {
          DOM: vtree$
        }
      }
      const drivers = {
        DOM: makeDOMDriver('#app'),
        props: () => Rx.Observable.of({
          label: 'Height',
          unit: 'cm',
          min: 140,
          max: 220,
          init: 170
        })
      }
17: using component
  how can we reuse it?
    rename main
      LabeledSlider
    use LabeledSlider in a new main
      function main(sources) {
        return LabeledSlider(sources)
    move props into new main()
      function main(sources) {
        const props$ = Rx.Observable.of({
          label: 'Height',
          unit: 'cm',
          min: 140,
          max: 220,
          init: 170
        })
        return LabeledSlider({DOM: sources.DOM, props: props$})
18: multiple instances of a component
  code
    function main(sources) {
      const weightProps$ = Rx.Observable.of({
        label: 'Weight',
        unit: 'kg',
        min: 40,
        max: 150,
        init: 70
      const weightSinks = LabeledSlider({DOM: sources.DOM, props: weightProps$})
      const heightProps$ = Rx.Observable.of({
        label: 'Height',
        unit: 'cm',
        min: 140,
        max: 220,
        init: 170
      })
      })
      const heightSinks = LabeledSlider({DOM: sources.DOM, props: heightProps$})
      const vtree$ = Rx.Observable.combineLatest(
        weightSinks.DOM, heightSinks.DOM, (weightVTree, heightVTree) =>
          div([
            weightVTree,
            heightVTree,
          ])
        )
  we need to separate DOM elements
    .slider
  code
    const weightSinks = LabeledSlider({DOM: sources.DOM, props: weightProps$})
    const weightVTree$ = weightSinks.DOM.map(vtree => {
      vtree.properties.className += ' weight'
      return vtree
    })
    ..
    const heightSinks = LabeledSlider({DOM: sources.DOM, props: heightProps$})
    const heightVTree$ = heightSinks.DOM.map(vtree => {
      vtree.properties.className += ' height'
      return vtree
    })
    const vtree$ = Rx.Observable.combineLatest(
      weightVTree$, heightVTree$, (weightVTree, heightVTree) =>
  now select correct component
    const weightSinks = LabeledSlider({DOM: sources.DOM, props: weightProps$})
    -->
    const weightSinks = LabeledSlider({DOM: sources.DOM.select('.weight'), props: weightProps$})
    const heightSinks = LabeledSlider({DOM: sources.DOM.select('.height'), props: heightProps$})
19: isolating component instances
  code
    const isolate = CycleIsolate;
  replace
    const weightSinks = LabeledSlider({DOM: sources.DOM.select('.weight'), props: weightProps$})
    -->
    const WeightSlider = isolate(LabeledSlider, 'weight')
    const weightSinks = WeightSlider({DOM: sources.DOM, props: weightProps$})
  replace
    const weightVTree$ = weightSinks.DOM.map(vtree => {
      vtree.properties.className += ' weight'
      return vtree
    })
    -->
    const weightVTree$ = weightSinks.DOM
  what isolate does?
    it does preprocessing and postprocessing
  code
    const IsolateLabeledSlider = function (sources) {
      return isolate(LabeledSlider(sources))
    }
20: exporting values from components through sinks
  code
    const bmi$ = Rx.Observable.combineLatest(weightValue$, heightValue$, 
      (weight, height) => {
      }
    const vtree$ = Rx.Observable.combineLatest(
      bmi$, weightVTree$, heightVTree$, (weightVTree, heightVTree) =>
        div([
          weightVTree,
          heightVTree,
          h2('BMI is ' + bmi)
  where do we get weightValue$
    from LabeledSlider
    but it doesn't export anything except DOM
    we need to get value stream out of state$
  code
    function LabeledSlider(sources) {
      const change$ = intent(sources.DOM)
      const value$ = model(change$, sources.props)
      const vtree$ = view(value$)
      return {
        DOM: vtree$
      }
    }
    -->
    function LabeledSlider(sources) {
      const change$ = intent(sources.DOM)
      const value$ = model(change$, sources.props)
      const vtree$ = view(value$)
      return {
        DOM: vtree$
        value: state$.map(state => state.value),
      }
    }
  use those values
    const weightValue$ = weightSinks.value
    const heightValue$ = heightSinks.value
    const bmi$ = Rx.Observable.combineLatest(weightValue$, heightValue$, 
      (weight, height) => {
        const heightMeters = height * 0.01
        const bmi = Math.round( weight / (heightMeters*heightMeters))
        return bmi
      }
  so, sinks mean
    write effect as vtree$
    or value outputs
21: overview of cycle
  in real apps
    we don't use <script>
  next

RxJS Beyond the Basics: Creating Observables from scratch

https://egghead.io/courses/rxjs-beyond-the-basics-creating-observables-from-scratch
01
  Observable type
  different ways to create
  two rxjs
    Reactive-Extensions
      v4
    ReactiveX
      younger
      v5
02
  Rx.Observable
    not like EventEmitter 
    more like a generalization of a function
  ex
    function foo() {
      console.log('Hello')
      return 42
    }
    var x = foo()
    console.log(x)
    -->
    console.log(foo())
    -->
    console.log(foo.call())
  all computation inside foo is not run until it is called
  ex
    var bar = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) {
      console.log('hello')
      observer.next(42)
    })
    bar.subscribe(function (x) {
      console.log(x)
    })
  if we don't call subscribe, observable won't run
    like functions
  functions are sync/async?
    ex
      console.log('before')
      console.log(foo.call())
      console.log('after')
  what about observable
    ex
      console.log('before')
      bar.subscribe(function (x) {
        console.log(x)
      })
      console.log('after')
    same result
      so, observer call is the same as function call
  what is the difference?
    in functions you cannot return after returning once
    observables can return multiple values in time
    observable.subscribe() give values in time
  ex
    var bar = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) {
      console.log('hello')
      observer.next(42)
      observer.next(100)
      setTimeout(function() {
        observer.next(300)
      }, 1000)
    })
    console.log('before')
    bar.subscribe(function (x) {
      console.log(x)
    })
    console.log('after')
  so observables are generalizations of functions
    with regard to
      time of returning value
      number of returned values
03
  generator functions do similar stuff
    return multiple values
  ex
    function* baz() {
      consele.log('hello')
      yield 42
      yield 100
    }
    var iterator = baz()
    console.log(iterator.next().value)
    console.log(iterator.next().value)
  difference with observable?
    rx
      observable = producer (push)
      observer subscriber = consumer
    generator
      generator = producer (pull)
      consumer determines when values are sent
    you cannot put setTimeout in producer side with generators
      time to consume is determined by consumer
    generators = passive lazy factories of values
      useful with fibonacci
04
  how to handle errors in observables
    var bar = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) {
      try {
        console.log('hello')
        observer.next(42)
      } catch (err) {
        observer.error(err)
      }
    })
    bar.subscribe(function nextValueHandler(x) {
      console.log(x)
    }, function errorHandler(err) {
      console.log('wrong: ' + err)
    })
05: observablces can complete
  complete: no values more
  ex
    var bar = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) {
      try {
        console.log('hello')
        observer.next(42)
        setTimeout(function() {
          observer.next(300) 
          observer.complete()
        })
      } catch (err) {
        observer.error(err)
      }
    })
    bar.subscribe(function nextValueHandler(x) {
      console.log(x)
    }, function errorHandler(err) {
      console.log('wrong: ' + err)
    })
06: creation operator of
  from, create, of
  of: sequence of values
  ex: of
    var bar = Rx.observable.create(function (observer) {
      observer.next(42)
      observer.next(100)
      observer.next(200)
      observer.complete()
    }
    -->
    var foo = Rx.observable.of(42, 100, 200)
07: from fromarray frompromise
  ex: fromArray
    var foo = Rx.observable.fromArray([42, 100, 200])
  ex: fromPromise
    var foo = Rx.observable.fromPromise(promise
      fetch('https://null.jsbin.com')
    )
    bar.subscribe(function nextValueHandler(x) {
      console.log('next ' + x.status)
    }, function errorHandler(err) {
      console.log('wrong: ' + err)
    }, function () {
      console.log('done')
    })
  ex: from
    var foo = Rx.observable.from([42, 100, 200])
    var foo = Rx.observable.from(promise
      fetch('https://null.jsbin.com')
    )
  ex: from with generator
    function* generator() {
      yield 10
      yield 20
      yield 30
    }
    var iterator = generator()
    var foo = Rx.Observable.from(iterator)
08: fromEventPattern fromEvent
  we have api with:
    addEventHandler
    removeEventHandler
  then use: fromEventPattern
  ex
    Rx.Observable.fromEventPattern(
      addEventHandler, removeEventHandler
    )
  ex
    function addEventHandler(handler) {
      document.addEventListener('click', handler)
    }
    function removeEventHandler(handler) {
      document.removeEventListener('click', handler)
    }
    var foo = Rx.Observable.fromEventPattern(
      addEventListener, remoteEventHandler
    )
  how does it work under the hood?
    code
      function fromEventPattern(add, remove) {
        return Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) {
          add(function (ev) {
            observer.next(ev)
          })
        })
      }
      var foo = fromEventPattern(addEventHandler, removeEventHandler)
  fromEvent: specialized version of fromEventPattern
    mainly for DOM
  ex
    var foo = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(document, 'click')
09: empty never throw
  ex
    var foo = Rx.Observable.empty()
    // done
    ===
    Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) {
      observer.complete()
    })
  think of it: zero
  ex: never
    var foo = Rx.Observable.empty()
    // nothing happens
    ===
    Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) {
    })
  think of it: infinite observer
    observer waits infinitely
  ex: throw
    var foo = Rx.Observable.throw(new Error('bla'))
    // nothing happens
    ===
    Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) {
      observer.error()
    })
10: interval, timer
  alternatives to setInterval
  ex:
    Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) {
      var i = 0
      setInterval( function () {
        observer.next(i)
        i = i + 1
      }, 10000)
    })
    -->
    Rx.Observable.interval(1000)
  it sets a new interval
    ex
  ex: timer
    Rx.Observable.timer(3000, 1000)
  wait for 3 sec, then work like interval(1000)
  can take date too
11: create
  same as calling constructor 
    ex
      var bar = Rx.observable(function (observer) {
        observer.next(42)
        observer.next(100)
        observer.next(200)
        observer.complete()
      }
    give a name for parameter function
      function subscribe(observer) {
        observer.next(42)
        observer.next(100)
        observer.next(200)
        observer.complete()
      }
      var bar = Rx.observable(subscribe)
    alternative way of writing subscriber
      bar.subscribe(function nextValueHandler(x) {
        console.log('next ' + x.status)
      }, function errorHandler(err) {
        console.log('wrong: ' + err)
      }, function () {
        console.log('done')
      })
      -->
      var observer = {
        next: function (x) { console.log('next + x) }, 
        error: function (err) { console.log('error ' + err) },
        complete: function () { console.log('done') },
      }
      bar.subscribe(observer)
    together
      function subscribe(observer) {
        observer.next(42)
        observer.next(100)
        observer.next(200)
        observer.complete()
      }
      var bar = Rx.observable(subscribe)
      var observer = {
        next: function (x) { console.log('next + x) }, 
        error: function (err) { console.log('error ' + err) },
        complete: function () { console.log('done') },
      }
      bar.subscribe(observer)
    write without Rx
      function subscribe(observer) {
        observer.next(42)
        observer.next(100)
        observer.next(200)
        observer.complete()
      }
      var observer = {
        next: function (x) { console.log('next + x) }, 
        error: function (err) { console.log('error ' + err) },
        complete: function () { console.log('done') },
      }
      subscribe(observer)
    Rx adds operators to this
  12: return subscriptions
    return unsubscribe function to stop receiving values
    ex: without rx
      function subscribe(observer) {
        var id = setInterval(function () {
          observer.next('hi')
        }, 1000)
        return function unsubscribe() {
          clearInterval(id)
        }
      }
      var unsubscribe = subscribe({
        next: function (x) { console.log('next + x) }, 
        error: function (err) { console.log('error ' + err) },
        complete: function () { console.log('done') },
      })
      setTimeout( function() {
        unsubscribe()
      }, 4500)
    ex: with rx
      -->
      var foo = new Rx.Observable(subscribe)
      var subscription = foo.subscribe(..)
      setTimeout( function() {
        subscription.unsubscribe()
      }, 4500)
  13:
  next

RxJS Beyond the Basics: Operators in Depth

https://egghead.io/courses/rxjs-beyond-the-basics-operators-in-depth
01
  ex: map, filter, merge, combineLatest
  input: observable
  output: observable
  ex
    var foo = Rx.Observable.of(1,2,3,4,5)
    function multiplyByTen(source) {
      var result = Rx.Observable.create(function subscribe(observer) {
        source.subscribe(
          function (x) { observer.next(x*10)},
          function (err) { observer.error(err) },
          function () { observer.complete() }
        )
      })
      return result
    }
    var bar = multiplyByTen(foo)
    var observer = {
      next: function (x) { console.log('next + x) }, 
      error: function (err) { console.log('error ' + err) },
      complete: function () { console.log('done') },
    }
    bar.subscribe(observer)
  -->
  use prototype
    function multiplyByTen() {
      var source = this
      ..
    }
    Rx.Observable.prototype.multiplyByTen = multiplyByTen
    var bar = foo.multiplyByTen
  --> generalize it 
    function multiplyByTen(multiplier) {
      ..
      function (x) { observer.next(x*multiplier)},
      ..
    }
    Rx.Observable.prototype.multiplyBy = multiplyBy
    var bar = foo.multiplyBy(10)
02: marble diagrams
  lower case letters
    --a-b--c-------------------------------
    values delivered to observer.next()
  numbers
    --1-3--5-------------------------------
    values delivered to observer.next()
  pipe character
    --1-3--5------------------------------|
    completed
  X character
    --1-3--5------------------------------X
    error
  ex: Rx.Observable.interval(0,1,2,3,4,5)
    4 dashes = 1 sec
    ---0---1---2---3---4---5--...
  ex: Rx.Observable.of(1,2,3,4)
    (1234)---...
    (paranthesis) means delivered syncronously
  ex: Rx.Observable.interval(0,1,2,3,4,5)
    source_stream
    operator
    result_stream
    foo: ---0---1---2---...
           multiplyBy(2)
    bar: ---0---2---4---...
03: map, mapTo
  ex
    function calculate(transformationFn) {
      var source = this
      var result = Rx.Observable.create(function subscribe(observer) {
        source.subscribe(
          function (x) { observer.next(transformationFn(x))},
          function (err) { observer.error(err) },
          function () { observer.complete() }
        )
      })
      return result
    }
    Rx.Observable.prototype.calculate = calculate
    var bar = foo.calculate(x => x * 2)
  map is calculate
  ex
    var bar = foo.map( x => 10 )
    ===
    var bar = foo.map( () => 10)
    ===
    var bar = foo.mapTo(10)
04: utility op: do
  return what you get exactly
  ex
    var bar = foo.do(function (x) {
      console.log('!' + x)
    })
  special case of map, equivalent to:
    var bar = foo.map(function (x) {
      console.log('!' + x)
      return x
    })
  useful for debugging
  ex
    foo: ---0---1---...
          do(x => console.log('before ' + x))
         ---0---1---...
          map(x => x * 2)
         ---0---2---...
          do(x => console.log('after ' + x))
         ---0---2---...
  ex
    var bar = foo
      .do(x => console.log('before ' + x))
      .map(x => x * 2)
      .do(x => console.log('after ' + x))
05: filter
06: take first skip
  ex
    --0--1--2--3--4--5--6--7-
      take(3)
    --0--1--2|
  ex
    --0--1--2--3--4--5--6--7-
      first()
    --0|
  ex
    --0--1--2--3--4--5--6--7-
      skip(3)
    -----------3--4--5--6--7-
07: takeLast, skipLast, last
  take, first, skip
    refer to beginning of stream
  how to refer to end?
    only if stream completes
  ex
    --0--1--2--3--4--5--6--7-
      take(3)
    --0--1--2|
      takeLast(2)
    ---------(12|)
  ex
    --0--1--2--3--4--5--6--7-
      take(3)
    --0--1--2|
      skipLast(2)
    ---------(0|)
08: concat, startWith
  how to replace completion of a stream with a new stream?
    only if a stream completeds (finite)
  ex
    --0--1--2--3--4--5--6--7-
      take(3)
    --0--1--2|                (foo)
             (345|)           (more)
      concat
    --0--1--2(345|)
  code
    var foo = Rx.Observable.interval(100).take(3)
    var more = Rx.Observable.of(3,4,5)
    var bar = foo.concat(more)
  how to prepend values?
    var bar = foo.startWith('a')
  ex
    --0--1--2--3--4--5--6--7-
      take(3)
    --0--1--2|                (foo)
      startWith('a')
    a-0--1--2|                
  doesn't assume finite stream
  ex
    --0--1--2--3--4--5--6--7-
      startWith('a')
    a-0--1--2--3--4--5--6--7-
09: combination operator merge
  concat combines sequentially
  ex
    ----0----1---2--  (foo)
    --0----1-----3--  (bar)
       merge
    --0-0--1-1---(23)--  
10: combineLatest
  merge: or style
  combineLatest: and style
  ex
    ----0----1---2--  (foo)
    --0----1-----3--  (bar)
      foo.combineLatest(bar, (x,y) => x + y)
    ----0--1-2---7--  
11: withLatestFrom
  similar to combineLatest
    and style
  ex
    ----H--e---l---l---o|  (foo)
    --0--1---0---1---0|    (bar)
      foo.withLatestFrom(bar, (x,y) => y === 1 ? x.toUpperCase() : c.toLowerCase())
    ----h--E---l---L---o|  
  uppercase if latest value from bar is 1
  this is a map
12: zip
  zip foo and bar
    and-style
    combine 1. of foo with 1. of bar
    combine 2. of foo with 2. of bar
    ...
  ex
    ----0----1---2--  (foo)
    --0----1-----3--  (bar)
      zip((x,y) => x + y)
    ----0----2---5--
  ex: spread a sync value over time
    (hello|)          (foo)
    --0--1--2--3--4|  (bar)
      zip((x,y) => x)
    --h--e--l--l--o|
13: scan
  combining values over time of one observable
    horizontal combinator
  ex
    ---h--e--l--l--o
      scan((acc,x) => acc + x, '')
    ---h--(he)(hel)(hell)(hello)
14: buffer
  group values by n
  varieties
    buffer
    bufferCount
    bufferTime
  ex
    ---h--e--l--l--o|
      bufferCount(2)
    ------([h,e])---ll--o|
  ex
    ---h--e--l--l--o|
      bufferTime(300ms)
    ------([h,e])---ll--o|
  ex
    ---h--e--l--l--o|
    -------0-----1--2|
      buffer(closing observable)
    ------([h,e])---ll--o|
15: delay
  ex
    --0--1--2--3--4|
      delay(1000)
    ----0--1--2--3--4|
  ex: delayWhen(fn) :: Observable -> () -> Observable
    --0--1--2--3--4|
      delay(x => ----0| )
    ----0--1--2--3--4|
  code
    var result = foo.delayWhen(x =>
      Rx.Observable.interval(1000).take(1)
    )
    // 1 saniyelik gecikme
  variable amount of delay possible
  code
    var result = foo.delayWhen(x =>
      Rx.Observable.interval(x * x * 100).take(1)
    )
16: debounce, debounceTime
  similar to delay and delayWhen
  delay(1000) // waits 1000 ms
    debounceTime(1000) // waits for 1000 silence
      silence: time between events
    ancak 1000 ms boşluk olursa eventi alır
      drop if less than 1000 ms passes between two events
  ex
    --0--1--2|
      debounceTime(1000)
    ------------2|
    assume: each - is 250 ms
  ex: text field
    var inputText = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(fieldElem, 'input')
      .map(ev => ev.target.value)
      .debounceTime(500)
    // ancak 500 ms kullanıcı bir şey yapmazsa göster
  ex: çok küçük debounceTime
    --0--1--2|
      debounceTime(50)
    --0--1--2|
    // bu durumda sadece 50 ms delay olur
  delayWhen similar to debounce
  ex: fn ile debounce belirleme
    foo.debounce(() => Rx.Observable.interval(1000).take(1))
17: throttle, throttleTime
  debounce: rate limiting operation
  more similar ops:
    throttleTime ~ debounceTime
    throttle ~ debounce
    work like debounce but backwards
  debounce waits for silence, then emits
    throttle first emits, then causes silence
  ex: ----- 1 sec silence
    --0--1--2-----4|
      throttleTime(1000)
    --0-----2-----4|
  other rate limiting ops
    auditTime, audit
  throttleTime is a filtering op
    it drops some values
    debounce has delay, therefore it is transforming too
18: distinct, distinctUntilChanged
  keep registry (list of events)
  ex
    --a--b--a--c--b|
      distinct()
    --a--b-----c---|
  custom compare function
  ex
    var result = foo.disticnt( (x,y) =>
      x.toLowerCase() === y.toLowerCase()
    )
  ex
    --a--b--A--c--b|
      distinct(compare)
    --a--b-----c---|
  flusher arg
    this is observable
    when should registry be cleared
  ex
    var flusher = Rx.Observable.interval(1100).take(1).concat(Rx.Observable.never())
    // temizler registry'yi
  ex
    --a--b--A--c--b|
    ------0--------...
      distinct
    --a--b--A--c--b|
  distinct yerine distinctUntilChanged daha çok kullanılır
    keeps recent registry only
  ex
    --a--b--a--c--b|
      distinctUntilChanged()
    --a--b--a--c--b|
  ex
    --a--b--a--a--b|
      distinctUntilChanged()
    --a--b--a-----b|
  can be used as rate limiting operator
    --a--b--aaaab
19: catch
  ex
    --a--b--c--d--2|  (foo)
      map(toUpperCase)
    --a--b--c--d--#  (bar)
  catch replaces error with another observable
  ex
    var result = bar.catch(error => Rx.Observable.of('Z'))
  ex
    --a--b--c--d--2|  (foo)
      map(toUpperCase)
    --a--b--c--d--#  (bar)
      catch(# => -Z|)
    --a--b--c--d--Z  
  replace with complete()
    var result = bar.catch(error => Rx.Observable.empty())
  ex
    --a--b--c--d--2|  (foo)
      map(toUpperCase)
    --a--b--c--d--#  (bar)
      catch(# => -Z|)
    --a--b--c--d--|  
  catch takes 2nd arg: output observable
    output obs is result observable
    allows retry behavior
  ex
    var result = bar.catch((error, outputObs) => outputObs)
  ex
    --a--b--c--d--2|  (foo)
      map(toUpperCase)
    --a--b--c--d--#  (bar)
      catch(# => )
    --a--b--c--d----a--b--c--d----a--b--c--d--   
20: retry, retryWhen
next

RxJS Subjects and Multicasting Operators

img/ss-174.png img/ss-172.png

https://egghead.io/courses/rxjs-subjects-and-multicasting-operators
01
  each Observable has only one observer
    observable.subscribe(observerA)
    observable.subscribe(observerB)
    these two observers both listen to independent executions of observable
    /Users/mertnuhoglu/Dropbox/public/img/ss-174.png
  how to share an observable with multiple observers?
    subjects 
02
  how to share an observable with multiple observers?
    we need to have only one subscribe() call
    observable.subscribe(bridgeObserver)
    var bridgeObserver = {
      next: function (x) {
        this.observers.forEach(o => o.next(x)
      }
      ..
      observers: [],
      addObserver: function (observer) {
        this.observers.push(observer)
      }
    }
    bridgeObserver.addObserver(observerA)
    setTimeout(function () {
      bridgeObserver.addObserver(observerB)
    }, 2000)
  but this is in effect: bridgeObserver is as if it is an Observable
    instead of addObserver, change it with subscribe() then it is an observable
    this is what Rx.Subject() is
  ex
    var subject = new Rx.Subject()
    observable.subscribe(subject)
    subject.subscribe(observerA)
    /Users/mertnuhoglu/Dropbox/public/img/ss-172.png
03: use subject as an event bus

Use Higher Order Observables in RxJS Effectively

https://egghead.io/courses/use-higher-order-observables-in-rxjs-effectively

Step-by-Step Async JavaScript with RxJS

https://egghead.io/courses/step-by-step-async-javascript-with-rxjs
ch01
  Rx.Observable.timer(0, 100)
    .map(i => `Seconds ${i}`)
    .subscribe(text => {
      const container = document.querySelector('#app');
      container.textContent = text;
    });
  logic: timer().map(..)
  effects: subscribe(..)
    ≅ model.subscribe( view )
    view reactive
    how does view work? check inside
  logic: functional
  effects: imperative
  notes
    what is effect: changing something outside (state)
    why subscribe?
      foo.subscribe({bar.f()})
        foo: active
        bar: reactive
        what is bar?
        it is view
  notes: on subscribe
    these are equivalent:
      model.subscribe(view)
      model.addListener(view)
      model.subscribe( fun(event) {..} )
      model.subscribe( text => ... )
      observable.subscribe(observer)
ch02: main function
  code
    function main() {
      return Rx.Observable.timer(..)
        .map(..)
    function DOMEffect(text$) {
      text$.subscribe( .. )
    function consoleLogEffect(msg$) {
      msg.subscribe(..)
    const sink = main()
    DOMEffect(sink)
    consoleLogEffect(sink)
  notes
    observables ≅ functions wrapping variables
  question
    why do you call effects imperative? they work with observables as well.
  notes - sink
    x$: read: x stream
    driver's input is main's output
      | fun    | input  | output |
      |--------|--------|--------|
      | driver | sink   | source |
      | main   | source | sink   |
    we look from the perspective of main: source: input, sink: output
ch03: different effects encapsulated
  code
    function main() {
      return {
        DOM: ..
        Log: ..
    const sinks = main()
    DOMEffect(sinks.DOM)
    consoleLogEffect(sinks.Log)
ch04: run and driver functions
  encapsulate run
    code
      function run(mainFn) {
        const sinks = mainFn()
        DOMEffect(sinks.DOM)
      run(main)
    run
      ties together: main and effects
  generify effects inside run
    code
      DOMEffect(sinks.DOM) 
      >>>
      function run(mainFn, effects) {
        ..
        Object.keys(effects).forEach( key => {
          effects[key]
        });
      const effectsFunctions = {
        DOM = DOMEffect,
        Log = ..
      run(main, effectsFunctions)
  rename effects as driver
    code
      const effectsFunctions = ..
      >>>
      const drivers = ..
    why?
      driver: interface between external world and our app
ch05: read effects
  rationale
    we have write effects
    what about read effects
      anything from external world to app?
  code
    function main(DOMSource) {..
    function DOMDriver(..) {
      ..
      const DOMSource = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(document, 'click')
      return DOMSource
  terms
    source: input (read) effects
    sink: output (write) effects
  cycle logic
    a = f(b)
    b = g(a)
  corresponds to
    sinks = main(sources)
    sources = drivers(sinks)
  how to solve cyclic definition?
    bProxy = ...
    a = f(bProxy)
    b = g(a)
    bProxy.imitate(b)
  code
    function run(..) {
      const proxyDomSource = new Rx.Subject()
      const sinks = mainFn(proxyDomSource)
      const DOMSource = drivers.DOM(sinks.DOM)
      DOMSource.subscribe(click => proxyDomSource.onNext(click))
  code - to use ui input
    function main(DOMSource) {
      const click$ = DOMSource
      return {
        DOM: click$
          .startWith(null)
          .flatMapLatest(() =>
            ..
ch13: http driver
  notes
    sources.DOM -> sinks.HTTP -> sources.HTTP -> sinks.DOM